Biographies of Members of the Jewish People

 		  
 

Jewish Mobsters

 

        

This is a list of Jewish-American mobsters and organized crime figures, ranging from the late 19th century to the present day.

Name Portrait Life Years active Notes References
Hyman Abrams No image
available		   1920s–1960s Lieutenant of Boston Mobster Charles Solomon during Prohibition. Later financed syndicate Las Vegas casinos with Meyer Lansky,Carl Cohen and Jack Entratter during the 1950s and 60s. [1][2]
Evsei Agron No image
available		 d. 1985 1970s–1980s Russian-born mobster who established and ran the Russian Mafiain Brighton Beach, Brooklyn until his murder in 1985.  
Israel "Ice pick Willie" Alderman No image
available		 1902-1970   From North Minneapolis; associate with David Berman In Minneapolis and Las Vegas. 1965 Convicted in Denver Colorado of conspiring of using telephone lines to threaten death to a disbarred attorney; 1969 reported under indictment for grand larceny. [3]
Hyman Amberg No image
available		 1902–1926 1919–1926 New York mobster and chief enforcer for his brothers Joseph and Louis "Pretty" Amberg. Hyman and another convict committed suicide following an unsuccessful escape attempt from Tombs Prison. [4][5]
Joseph Amberg No image
available		 1892–1935 1919–1935 New York mobster who led one of the top gangs in Brooklyn during the 1920s and 30s with brothers Hyman and Louis Amberg. Amberg and an associate, Morris Kessler, were executed by Murder Inc. in his Brownsville auto garage. [4][5]
Louis "Pretty" Amberg No image
available		 1897–1935 1919–1935 He and brothers Hyman and Joseph Amberg led one of the top criminal gangs in Brooklyn during the 1920s and 30s. The last surviving brother, he was murdered a month after his brother Joseph by members of Murder Inc. [4][6]
Moses Annenberg No image
available		 1877–1942 1904–1936 Newspaperman and organized crime figure. Hired and directed criminal gangs on behalf of the Hearst Corporation during Chicago's "circulation wars" of 1910–1911, and later became owner of the National Racing Wire during the 1920s and 30s. Later used his wealth to purchase The Philadelphia Inquirer and found theAnnenberg Foundation. Jailed for tax evasion in 1939. [1][2][6][7][8][9]
Marat Balagula No image
available		 b. 1943 1977–1986 Associate of the Lucchese crime family during the 1970s and 80s. Succeeded Evsei Agron as head of the Russian Mafia in 1985 but fled the country to avoid criminal charges a year later. He was extradited back to the US in 1989 and received an 18-year sentence in federal prison.  
David Berman No image
available		 1903–1957 1916–1957 Associate member of the Genovese crime family who ran syndicate operations in Iowa and Minnesota from the 1920s to the 40s. Involve in syndicate casinos in Las Vegas during the 1940s and 50s, he and Moe Sedway took over The Flamingo after Bugsy Siegel's murder in 1947. [2]
Otto "Abbadabba" Berman No image
available		 1889–1935 1920s–1930s Mob accountant and financial advisor for New York mobster Dutch Schultz. [1][2][5][6][9][10]
Abe Bernstein No image
available		 1892–1968 1910s–1960s Detroit mobster and leader of The Purple Gang. After the end of Prohibition, he ran syndicate gambling operations in Miami up until his death in 1968. [2][7]
William Morris Bioff No image
available		 1900–1955 1920s–1930s Chicago labor racketeer who extorted millions of dollars from Hollywood studios on behalf of the Chicago Outfit during the 1930s. [1][2][6][9]
Charles Birger No image
available		 1881–1928 1919–1928 Illinois bootlegger who feuded with the Shelton Brothers Gangthroughout Prohibition.  
Alex "Shondor" Birns No image
available		 1907–1975   A major gangland figure in Cleveland throughout the 20th century. At one time considered Public Enemy No. 1, he controlled the city's underworld until his murder by Danny Greene in 1975. [2]
Herbert Blitzstein No image
available		 1934–1997   Loanshark and bookmaker for the Chicago Outfit during the 1950s and 60s. He was the top lieutenant of Anthony Spilotro when he and his crew were sent to Las Vagas. [11]
Ike Bloom 1865–1930   An early organized crime figure in Chicago associated with "Big Jim" Colosimo. Owned some of the city's most popular nightclubs, such as Midnight Forlics and Kreiberg's, during Prohibition. [7]
Isadore "Kid Cann" Blumenfeld No image
available		 1900–1981 1900s–1980s Minneapolis mobster who ran the city's underworld from the 1920s until his conviction for violating the Mann Act in 1957. Later retired to Miami Beach where he and Meyer Lansky operated a real estate empire and were involved in syndicate operations in Miami and Havana up until his death in 1981. [1][2][12]
Louis "Lepke" Buchalter 1897–1944 1910s–1940s New York labor racketeer who dominated the Lower East Side with Jacob Shapiro during the 1920s and 30s. Later headed Murder Inc.and was eventually sent to the electric chair at Sing Sing for his role in the organization. He is the only major mobster to be executed by the state. [1][2][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][13][14]
Abraham Chapman   1904/06-1991 1930s-1991 Member of Murder Inc; imprisoned in Alcatraz 1951-1960; 1991 pleaded guilty to charge of conspiracy  
Mickey Cohen 1914–1976 1923–1961 Major underworld figure in Los Angeles during the 1930s and 40s. Later helped Bugsy Siegel set up The Flamingo in Las Vegas and ran its sports book operation. [1][2][6][9][10][11][12][14]
Louis Cohen   1904–1939 1910s–1930s New York mobster who killed Nathan Kaplan on behalf of rival labor racketeers Jacob Orgen and Louis Buchalter in 1923. [5]
Moe Dalitz No image
available		 1899–1989 1920s–1960s Leader of the Mayfield Road Gang during Prohibition. He was later involved the development of syndicate gaming in Las Vegas during the 1940s and 50s. [1][2][6][7][8][9][10][11]
Stanley Diamond No image
available		 1922–1991 1960s–1970s Associate member of the Lucchese crime family associated withHenry Hill and Jimmy Burke during the 1970s. [14]
Monk Eastman 1873–1920 1898–1920 Founder of the Eastman Gang, one of the last of New York's major street gangs, and dominated the city's underworld around the start of the 20th century. [1][4][9][10]
Monya Elson No image
available		 b. 1951 1970s–1990s Russian-born mobster who feuded with Boris Nayfeld over control of Brighton Beach, Brooklyn during the 1990s. One of Ukrainian mobster Semion Mogilevich's closest associates, he at one time controlled a criminal empire stretching from Russia to New York and Los Angeles. [15][16]
Maxie Eisen No image
available		   1910s–1920s Chicago labor racketeer allied with Dion O'Banion and the North Side Gang, and later for the Joe Saltis-Frank McErlane Gangduring the 1920s. [6][7][8][12]
Nat Evans
(Nathaniel Isaac Evensky)		 No image
available		 1876-1935 1900s–1940s Ganbler and Associate of Arnold Rothstein; implicated in the 1919 "Black Sox Scandal" as "Rachie Brown". [17]
John Factor No image
available		 1892–1984 1920s–1960s British-born Chicago gangster and con artist associated with theChicago Outfit whose staged 1933 kidnapping resulted in the wrongful conviction of Roger Touhy. He later became a prominent businessman and casino owner in Las Vegas 1950s and 60s. [2][7]
Ludwig "Tarzan" Fainberg No image
available		 b. 1958 1980–1999 Ukrainian-born New York mobster associated with the Russian Mafia in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn and South Florida during the 1990s. He was convicted on Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act charges for his involvement in arraigning the sale a Russian submarine to a group of Colombian drug dealers in 1999.  
Benjamin "Dopey Benny" Fein 1889–1977? 1900–1941 New York mobster who dominated labor racketeering with Joseph Rosenzweig in the Lower East Side during the 1910s. [1][5][8][10]
Irving Feinstein No image
available		 1910–1939 1930s New York mobster involved in illegal gambling and labor racketeering with Louis "Lepke" Buchalter during the 1930s.  
Abraham Friedman No image
available		 1897–1939 1920s–1930s New York mobster and enforcer for labor racketeer Nathan Kaplan, and later Louis Buchalter and Jacob Shapiro during the 1920s and 30s. [5]
Isadore Friedman No image
available		 d. 1939 1920s–1930s New York mobster associated with labor racketeer Louis Buchalter during the 1920s and 30s.  
Martin Goldstein No image
available		 1905–1941 1920s–1930s Hitman and member of Murder Incorporated. Involved in the 1939 murder of Irving Feinstein and later executed with other members of Murder Inc. in 1941. [4][5]
Waxey Gordon   1889–1952 1900s–1950s New York mobster who oversaw bootlegging operations for Arnold Rothstein during Prohibition. He was eventually imprisoned for tax evasion in 1933 and, again in 1951, for selling heroin. [1][2][5][6][7][9][10]
Gus Greenbaum No image
available		 1894–1958 1910s–1950s Member of the Chicago Outfit and ran syndicate casinos in Las Vegas during the 1940s and 50s. [1][2][6]
Harry Greenberg No image
available		 d. 1939 1920s–1930s An associate and childhood friend of Bugsy Siegel, he later worked for Charlie "Lucky" Luciano and Meyer Lansky.  
Max "Big Maxie" Greenberg No image
available		 1883–1933   Detroit mobster and a member of Egan's Rats. [1][5][10][14]
Jake "Greasy Thumb" Guzik No image
available		 1886–1956 1910s–1950s Financial and legal advisor to the Chicago Outfit. [1][2][6][7][8][9][10]
Hyman Holtz No image
available		 1896–1939 1920s–1930s New York labor racketeer associated with Jacob Orgen and a later protege of Louis Buchalter. [4]
Harry Horowitz aka Gyp the Blood 1889–1914 1900s–1910s Leader of the Lenox Avenue Gang. [1][5]
"Kid Dropper" Nathan Kaplan No image
available		 1895–1923 1910s–1920s A former member of the Five Points Gang, he and Johnny Spanishfought over control of labor racketeering during the labor slugger war. [1][6][10]
Phillip Kastel No image
available		 1893–1962 1900s–1950s New York gambler associated with Arnold Rothstein and Frank Costello. He later ran gambling operations for the Genovese crime family in New Orleans. [2]
Andrei Katz No image
available		 1952–1975 1960s–1970s Romanian-born mobster associated with the Gambino crime family. Killed by the DeMeo crew in 1975 after agreeing to become a government informant.  
Jacob Katzenberg No image
available		 1888-? 1920s–1930s New York organized crime figure who supplied narcotics to mobsters throughout the United States during the 1920s and 30s.  
Irving Kaye No image
available		 ?-1977 1950s–1970s New York crew member of Longy Zwillman[18] and coin-op business partner of Gerardo Catena.[19]  
Harry Keywell No image
available		 1910–1997 1920s–1930s Detroit mobster and member of The Purple Gang. A suspect in theSt. Valentine's Day Massacre and later convicted of Collingwood Manor Massacre in 1931. [2][12]
Philip Kovolick No image
available		 1908–1971 1920s–1970s New York mobster associated with labor racketeer Louis "Lepke" Buchalter during the 1920s and 30s. He was a member of Murder Inc. until his conviction on narcotics charges in 1941.  
Whitey Krakow No image
available		 d. 1941 1920s–1930s Hitman and member of Murder Incorporated. He was a suspect in the 1939 gangland slaying of Harry "Big Greenie" Greenberg.  
Louis Kravits No image
available		 fl. 1933–1939 1930s New York labor racketeer and drug trafficker involved in a major heroin operation with Jack Lvovsky and Yasha Katzenberg during the early 1930s. Later testified against Lepke Buchalter at his trial. [1][5]
Martin Krugman No image
available		 1919–1979 1970s Bookmaker and associate of the Lucchese crime family during the 1970s. Disappeared and presumably killed following the Lufthansa heist in 1978.  
Hyman Lamer No image
available		 fl. 1959–1974 1950s–1970s A close associate of Sam Giancana, he headed gambling and smuggling operations for the Chicago Outfit during the 1960s and 70s.  
Abe Landau No image
available		 1898–1935 1920s–1930s Lieutenant of New York mobster Dutch Schultz. [1][2][5][9][10]
Meyer Lansky 1902–1983 1910s–1970s One of the major underworld figures of the 20th century. He was involved in the formation of the National Crime Syndicate and helped organize syndicate gambling operations in Cuba and Las Vegas. [1][2][5][6][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]
Samuel "Red" Levine   1903–1972 1920s–1930s Hitman and member of Murder Incorporated. Involved in the 1931 murders of Abraham "Bo" Weinberg, Joe Masseria and Salvatore Maranzano. [1][10]
John "Spanish Louie" Lewis No image
available		 d. 1910 1900s Gunman/stick up artist at turn of century.  
Vach "Cyclone Louie" Lewis No image
available		 d. 1908 1900s A former circus strongman and bodyguard of New York gang leader Max "Kid Twist" Zwerbach. He and Zwerbach were gunned down by Louie the Lump at Coney Island in 1908. [1]
Joseph Linsey No image
available		 1899–1994 1920s–1970s Lieutenant of Boston mobster Charles Solomon during Prohibition. After Solomon's death in 1933, he and other associates split Solomon's territory between themselves.  
William Lipshitz No image
available		   1910s–1920s Newsboy turned gangster, he murdered labor racketeer Benjamin Levinsky on behalf of Nathan Kaplan in 1922. [20]
Seymour Magoon No image
available		 d. 1940 1920s–1930s Hitman and member of Murder Incorporated. Later became a state witness and corroborated Reles' testimony. [5][10]
Harry Maione No image
available		 1908–1942 1920s–1930s Hitman and member of Murder Incorporated. Participated in the murders of the Shapiro Brothers and George Rudnick. [5]
Hyman "Pittsburgh Hymie" Martin No image
available		 1903–1987 1920s–1930s Pittsburgh mobster associated with Moe Davis and Lou Rothkopf. Acquitted for the 1931 murder of Cleveland city councilman William E. Potter. [2]
Samuel "Nails" Morton No image
available		 1894–1923 1910s–1920s A former World War I war hero, Weiss was among Dion O'Bannion's top enforcers in the North Side Gang during the early 1920s. [1][6][7][9]
Max Mermelstein No image
available		 1942-2008 1970s-1980s A drug smuggler for the Medellín Cartel in the late 70s and early 80s, who later became a key informant against the organization.  
Boris Nayfeld No image
available		   1970s–1990s Russian-born mobster and heroin smuggler in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn during the 1970s and 80s. He and Monya Elson later waged a gang war over Brighton Beach.  
Jacob "Little Augie" Orgen 1901–1927 1900s–1920s New York gangster involved in bootlegging and labor racketeering during Prohibition. He took control of the garment district fromNathan Kaplan at the end of the end of the third labor sluggers war. Killed by his former associates Lepke Buchalter and Jacob Shapiro in 1927. [1][5][6][10]
Philip "Pinchy" Paul No image
available		 d. 1914 1900s–1910s New York labor racketeer who headed a coalition of independent gangs against Joseph Rosenzweig and Benjamin Fein during thefirst labor sluggers war.  
Leonard Patrick No image
available		 1913–2006 1920s–1990s One-time member of the Chicago Outfit involved in bookmaking and extortion with Gus Alex. Agreed to become a government witness in 1992.  
Joseph Reinfeld No image
available		     Early, major bootlegger in the northeast US; Established connections with the Bronfmans in Canada and brought Longy Zwillman into the bootlegging empire that Zwillman eventually took over. After Prohibition, went legitimate, establishing the largest wholesale liquor distributorship in NJ.  
Abe "Kid Twist" Reles 1906–1941 1921–1940 One of the most feared hitmen of Murder Incorporated during the 1930s, he later became a government witness and was responsible for sending many of his former partners to the electric chair. Died under suspicious circumstances while in protective custody in 1941. [1][2][4][5][6][9][10][13]
Harry Rosen No image
available		   1920s–1950s Major bootlegger in Philadelphia during Prohibition. He was a member of the Big Seven and later involved in drug trafficking withMeyer Lansky during the 1930s. [2][7]
Chris Rosenberg   1950–1979 1970s A member of the Gambino crime family's DeMeo crew during the 1970s. He was later killed by DeMeo to cover up the murder of Colombian drug cartel members.  
Bernard Rosencrantz No image
available		 1902–1935 1920s–1930s Bodyguard and chauffeur of New York mobster Dutch Schultz. [2][5]
Frank "Lefty" Rosenthal   1929–2008 1960s–1980s One of the top sports handicappers in the United States during his lifetime. Secretly ran several syndicate casinos for the Chicago Outfit, most notably the Stardust, throughout the 1960s and 70s. [2][11]
Joseph "Joe the Greaser" Rosenzweig No image
available		 1891-? 1910s New York labor racketeer allied with "Dopey" Benny Fein during thefirst labor slugger war. [1]
Lou Rothkopf No image
available		   1920s–1930s Longtime associate of Meyer Lansky, he was a member of the Bug and Meyer Mob during Prohibition. Later ran syndicate gambling operations in Cleveland with Moe Dalitz, Jack Licavoli, Maurice Kleinman and Thomas Joseph McGinty (aka T.J. McGinty). [2][6][7][8]
Arnold "The Brain" Rothstein   1882–1928 1900s–1920s One of the first major underworld figures in New York during the early 20th century. Widely reputed to have been behind the Black Sox scandal of 1919. [1][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][13]
Morris Rudensky No image
available		 1898–1988 1920s Prominent cat burglar and safe-cracker  
Harry "Doc Jasper" Sagansky No image
available		 1898–1997 1920s–1990s Ran one of the largest bookmaking operations in Boston during the 1950s. At the time of his imprisonment in 1988, at age 91, he was the oldest organized crime figure to serve a federal prison sentence.  
Arthur "Dutch Schultz" Flegenheimer   1902–1935 1910s–1930s Headed bootlegging and policy rackets in New York during the 1920s and 30s. [1][2][4][5][6][7][9][10][12][13]
Moe Sedway   1894–1952 1920s–1950s Lieutenant of New York mobster Meyer Lansky. Later involved in running syndicate casinos in Las Vegas during the 1940s and 50s. [2]
Irving, Meyer and William Shapiro   1904–1931 (Irving)
1908–1931 (Meyer)
1911–1934 (William)		 1920s–1930s Rivals of Louis Buchalter and Jacob Shapiro during the late 1920s and 1930s. Irving and Meyer Shapiro were killed after initiating a gang war with Buchalter and Shapiro in 1931. William Shapiro was eventually murdered by Murder Inc. in 1934. [2][5]
Jacob "Gurrah" Shapiro   1899–1947 1910s–1940s He and Louis Buchalter controlled industrial labor racketeering in New York during the 1920s and 30s. Shapiro also helped establishMurder Incorporated. Died in prison in 1947. [1][2][5][6][8][9][10]
Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel 1906–1947 1910s–1940s New York mobster associated with Meyer Lansky, Frank Costelloand Charles "Lucky" Luciano during Prohibition. Credited for the creation of syndicate casinos in Las Vegas during the 1940s. [1][2][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][13][14]
Charles "King" Solomon No image
available		 1884–1933 1900s–1930s He and Irish gangster Dan Carroll controlled bootlegging, narcotics and illegal gambling in Boston during Prohibition. Killed at theCotton Club by rival mobsters in 1933. [1][6][7][9][21]
John "Johnny Spanish" Wheiler No image
available		 1891–1919 1900s–1910s A former member of the Five Points Gang, he and "Kid Dropper" Nathan Kaplan battled over New York's garment district during theSecond Labor Sluggers War. [1][6]
Joseph "Doc" Stacher No image
available		 1902–1977 1920s–1960s An associate of Abner Zwillman and Meyer Lansky. Assisted Lansky in organizing the Atlantic City Conference and later in financing syndicate casinos in Las Vegas. Deported from the US in 1964 and later emigrated to Israel where he died years later. [1][2][6][10]
Harry "Pittsburgh Phil" Strauss No image
available		 1909–1941 1927–1941 Hitman and member of Murder Inc. credited with the murder ofIrving Feinstein and at least five other gangland slayings. Sent to the electric chair at Sing Sing in 1941. [1][4][5][6][10]
Albert "Tick–tock" Tannenbaum No image
available		 1906–1976 1920s–1950s Enforcer and hitman for Lepke Buchalter during the 1920s and 30s. A member of Murder Inc., he was responsible for the 1939 murder of Harry Greenberg. [1][4][5][10]
Benjamin Tannenbaum No image
available		 1906–1941 1920s–1930s Mob accountant for New York labor racketeers Louis Buchalter andJacob Shapiro during the 1920s and 30s. Murdered by members of Murder Inc. in 1941 while babysitting for a friend. [5]
Abraham Telvi   1934–1956 1950s Hitman for New York labor racketeer Johnny Dio. Responsible for blinding crusading New York journalist Victor Riesel with acid in 1956.  
Harry Tietlebaum No image
available		 1889-? 1920s–1930s An associate of the Bug and Meyer Mob during Prohibition. Later part of a major heroin smuggling operation with Meyer Lansky andHarry "Nig" Rosen during the early 1930s.  
Joseph Toplinsky No image
available		 1879-? 1900s–1930s He, along with Jacob Levinsky and Charles Vitoffsky, led a criminal organization in New York's Lower East Side known as the Yiddish Black Hand around the start of the 20th century.  
Joseph Weil No image
available		 1875-1976 1892–1940 Confidence man. aka "The Yellow Kidd". Served a Jail sentence in Atlanta Prison 1940-1942.  
Abraham Weinberg   1897–1935? 1920s–1930s Hitman and chief lieutenant for New York mobster Dutch Schultzduring Prohibition. Disappeared in 1935 and long presumed to have been killed by the mob. [5]
George Weinberg No image
available		 1901–1939 1920s–1930s Younger brother of Schultz' gunman Abraham Weinberg. After his brother's disappearance in 1935, he agreed to become a government witness but committed suicide while in police custody in 1939. [5]
Emanuel Weiss 1906–1944 1920s–1930s An enforcer for New York labor racketeer Louis "Lepke" Buchalterduring the 1920s. He was also a member of Murder Inc. up until his arrest in 1940. [4][5]
Samuel Weiss No image
available		 1904-? 1920s–1930s Hired gunman associated with New York labor racketeer Jacob Orgen during the third Labor Slugger War. Investigated for extortion by District Attorney Thomas E. Dewey during the late-1930s.  
Jack "Big Jack" Zelig 1882–1912 1890s–1910s Start of the 20th century gangster and one-time leader of theEastman Gang. Killed by Phil Davidson shortly before his testimony in the Charles Becker murder trial in 1912. [1][10]
Jack Zuta 1888–1930 1910s–1920s Mob accountant and political "fixer" for the Chicago Outfit during Prohibition. [7]
Max "Kid Twist" Zwerbach d. 1908 1890s–1900s New York gangster and head of the Eastman Gang after the arrest of Monk Eastman in 1904. Engaging in a feud with the Five Points Gang, he and his bodyguard were gunned down by Louie the Lumpat Coney Island in 1908. [1]
Abner "Longy" Zwillman   1891–1959 1910s–1950s Prohibition gangster. Popularly known as the "Al Capone of New Jersey", he was a founding member of the "Big Seven" Ruling Commission. He was also associated with Murder Inc. [1][2][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][14]

See also

References

  1. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah aiaj ak Fried, Albert. The Rise and Fall of the Jewish Gangster in America. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1980. ISBN 978-0-231-09683-6
  2. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Newton, Michael. Mr. Mob: The Life and Crimes of Moe Dalitz. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 2009. ISBN 978-0-7864-3516-6
  3. Jump up^ A Report on Chicago Crime {Chicago Crime Commission}" p.66
  4. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Abramovitch, Ilana. Jews of Brooklyn. Hanover and London: University Press of New England, 2001. ISBN 978-1-58465-003-4
  5. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Block, Alan A. East Side, West Side: Organizing Crime in New York, 1930–1950. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Books, 1983. ISBN 978-0-87855-931-2
  6. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Sifakis, Carl. The Mafia Encyclopedia. New York: Da Capo Press, 2005. ISBN 978-0-8160-5694-1
  7. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Johnson, Curt and R. Craig Sautter.The Wicked City: Chicago from Kenna to Capone. New York: Da Capo Press, 1998. (pg. 203-204) ISBN 978-0-306-80821-0
  8. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l Woodiwiss, Michael. Organized Crime and American Power: A History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0-8020-8278-7
  9. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Reppetto, Thomas A. American Mafia: A History of Its Rise to Power. New York: Henry Holt & Co., 2004. ISBN 978-0-8050-7798-8
  10. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Cohen, Rich. Tough Jews: Fathers, Sons, and Gangster Dreams. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998. ISBN 978-0-684-83115-2
  11. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g Farrell, Ronald A. and Carole Case. The Black Book and the Mob: The Untold Story of the Control of Nevada's Casinos. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. ISBN 978-0-299-14754-9
  12. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Rockaway, Robert A. But He Was Good to His Mother: The Lives and Crimes of Jewish Gangsters. Jerusalem: Gefen Publishing House, 1993. ISBN 978-965-229-092-2
  13. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Rubin, Rachel. Jewish Gangsters of Modern Literature. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0-252-02539-6
  14. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g Willis, Clint. Wise Guys: Stories of Mobsters from Jersey to Vegas. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 2003. ISBN 978-1-56025-498-0
  15. Jump up^ Friedman, Robert I. (May 26, 1998). "The Most Dangerous Mobster in the World". The Village Voice. Retrieved October 31, 2010.
  16. Jump up^ Claffey, Mike (August 24, 1996). "Russian In Mob Rap". New York Daily News. Retrieved October 31, 2010.
  17. Jump up^ Allardice, Bruce. "Nat Evans". Society for American Baseball Research (SABR). Retrieved May 17, 2015.
  18. Jump up^http://vault.fbi.gov/Abner%20Zwillman/Abner%20Zwillman%20Part%202%20of%207
  19. Jump up^ http://njlegallib.rutgers.edu/njar/v10/p0356.pdf
  20. Jump up^ Carey, Arthur A. Memoirs of a Murder Man. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Doran and Co., 1930.
  21. Jump up^ Fox, Stephen. Blood and Power: Organized Crime in Twentieth Century America. New York: Penguin Books, 1989.

Further reading[edit]

  • Block, Alan A. Lepke, Kid Twist, and the Combination: Organized Crime in New York City, 1930–1944. 1976.
  • Sadowsky, Sandy. Wedded to Crime: My Life in the Jewish Mafia. 1992.

External links[edit]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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